English Reading Worksheets for Beginners: A Comprehensive Guide
Learning to read in English can be a challenging but rewarding journey. English reading worksheets for beginners are invaluable tools for building foundational skills. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and utilizing these worksheets effectively. We will explore various types of worksheets, their structure, and how they contribute to overall reading comprehension. This guide is perfect for ESL students, young learners, and anyone starting their English reading journey.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What are English Reading Worksheets for Beginners?
- Structural Breakdown of Reading Worksheets
- Types of English Reading Worksheets
- Examples of Reading Worksheets
- Usage Rules and Tips
- Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
- Practice Exercises
- Advanced Topics for Continued Learning
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Introduction
Learning to read is a crucial skill, especially in English, which is a globally significant language. English reading worksheets designed for beginners serve as a stepping stone, providing structured exercises to develop essential reading skills. These worksheets focus on phonics, sight words, basic grammar, and comprehension, laying a solid foundation for more advanced reading materials. They are beneficial for children learning to read for the first time, ESL students, and adults who want to improve their English literacy.
What are English Reading Worksheets for Beginners?
English reading worksheets for beginners are educational resources designed to help individuals with little to no prior reading experience develop fundamental reading skills. These worksheets typically focus on basic elements such as letter recognition, phonics (the relationship between letters and sounds), sight words (commonly used words that are memorized), and simple sentence construction. The goal is to build a strong foundation in reading that will allow learners to progress to more complex texts.
These worksheets often incorporate visual aids, such as pictures and illustrations, to engage learners and make the learning process more enjoyable. They are structured to provide a gradual increase in difficulty, starting with very basic exercises and progressively introducing more challenging concepts. Effective reading worksheets also include activities that promote comprehension, such as answering simple questions about a short passage or identifying the main idea of a story. These are generally tailored to focus on specific areas of reading development, such as phonemic awareness, fluency, and vocabulary acquisition.
Structural Breakdown of Reading Worksheets
The structure of a typical English reading worksheet for beginners is designed to be clear, concise, and easy to follow. Here’s a breakdown of the common elements:
- Title: A clear title indicating the focus of the worksheet (e.g., “Short A Vowel Sounds,” “Sight Word Practice: ‘The'”).
- Instructions: Simple and direct instructions explaining the task (e.g., “Circle the word that matches the picture,” “Fill in the missing letter”).
- Content Area: This is the main part of the worksheet, containing the exercises or activities. It could include:
- Pictures for matching or labeling.
- Words or sentences to read and repeat.
- Blanks to fill in.
- Questions to answer.
- Visual Aids: Colorful images or illustrations to enhance engagement and understanding.
- Answer Key (Optional): Some worksheets include an answer key for self-assessment or teacher use.
The structure is often repetitive to reinforce learning and build confidence. Worksheets are designed to be short and manageable, preventing overwhelm and encouraging consistent practice. Layout is also important. A well-designed worksheet will have plenty of white space and a clear font to aid readability.
Types of English Reading Worksheets
There are various types of English reading worksheets for beginners, each targeting specific reading skills. Understanding these types can help you choose the most appropriate worksheets for your learning needs.
Phonics Worksheets
Phonics worksheets focus on the relationship between letters and sounds. They help learners decode words by understanding how letters combine to form specific sounds. These worksheets often include activities such as:
- Identifying the sounds of individual letters.
- Matching letters to their corresponding sounds.
- Blending sounds to form words (e.g., c-a-t = cat).
- Identifying words with specific vowel sounds (e.g., short a, long e).
- Rhyming word exercises.
Phonics is a foundational skill for reading, and these worksheets provide essential practice in decoding words.
Sight Words Worksheets
Sight words are commonly used words that learners are encouraged to memorize rather than decode. These words often don’t follow typical phonics rules. Sight words worksheets focus on recognizing and memorizing these words. Activities include:
- Reading and writing sight words.
- Matching sight words to pictures.
- Using sight words in sentences.
- Identifying sight words in a passage.
Mastering sight words improves reading fluency and comprehension.
Reading Comprehension Worksheets
Reading comprehension worksheets assess a learner’s ability to understand the meaning of a text. These worksheets typically include a short passage followed by questions about the passage. The questions may focus on:
- Identifying the main idea.
- Understanding specific details.
- Making inferences.
- Understanding the sequence of events.
- Identifying the characters and setting.
These worksheets help develop critical reading skills and the ability to extract information from text.
Vocabulary Building Worksheets
Vocabulary building worksheets focus on expanding a learner’s knowledge of words. These worksheets often include activities such as:
- Matching words to their definitions.
- Using new words in sentences.
- Identifying synonyms and antonyms.
- Completing sentences with appropriate words.
- Word searches and crossword puzzles.
A strong vocabulary is essential for reading comprehension and effective communication.
Basic Grammar Worksheets
Basic grammar worksheets introduce fundamental grammar concepts in a simple and accessible way. These are not always seen as reading worksheets, but understanding basic grammar helps with reading comprehension. They may cover topics such as:
- Identifying nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
- Using correct subject-verb agreement.
- Forming simple sentences.
- Using articles (a, an, the) correctly.
- Understanding basic punctuation (periods, commas).
A basic understanding of grammar improves reading accuracy and comprehension.
Examples of Reading Worksheets
To illustrate the different types of reading worksheets, here are several examples. Each example showcases specific activities and skills that are targeted.
Phonics Examples
Phonics worksheets are designed to help beginners connect sounds with letters. Here are some examples of what these worksheets often look like. The following table provides several examples of phonics exercises, focusing on different vowel and consonant sounds.
| Exercise Type | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Sound Recognition | Circle the picture that starts with the letter ‘b’: (Pictures of a ball, cat, and sun) | Identify objects that begin with a specific letter sound. |
| Blending Sounds | Write the word: c-a-t = ____ | Combine individual sounds to form a word. |
| Vowel Sounds | Circle the words with a short ‘a’ sound: cat, cake, car, apple | Distinguish between short and long vowel sounds. |
| Consonant Blends | Fill in the missing blend: _lue (cl, bl, fl) | Recognize and use consonant blends at the beginning of words. |
| Rhyming Words | Circle the word that rhymes with ‘hat’: cat, dog, sun, book | Identify words that have the same ending sound. |
| Beginning Sounds | What letter does “dog” start with? | Recognize the beginning sound of a word. |
| Ending Sounds | What letter does “bus” end with? | Recognize the ending sound of a word. |
| CVC Words | Write the word for the picture of a “pig”. | Practice writing and recognizing consonant-vowel-consonant words. |
| Long Vowel Sounds | Circle the words with a long ‘o’ sound: note, pot, dog, rope | Distinguish between long and short vowel sounds. |
| Digraphs | Fill in the missing digraph: _ip (sh, ch, th) | Recognize and use digraphs (two letters that make one sound). |
| Word Families | Write three words that belong to the “-at” family: cat, hat, ____ | Practice recognizing and writing words with the same ending sound. |
| Syllable Sounds | How many syllables are in the word “apple”? | Understand and count syllables in words, to help with pronunciation. |
| Sound Isolation | What is the first sound in “sun”? | Isolate and identify individual sounds within words. |
| Phoneme Manipulation | Change the first sound in “cat” to make a new word. | Manipulate sounds in words to create new words. |
| Sound Substitution | Replace the middle sound in “hat” with “i”. What word do you get? | Practice substituting sounds to form new words. |
| Consonant Clusters | Fill in the missing letters: _tr_et (str, spr) | Recognize and use consonant clusters at the beginning of words. |
| Silent Letters | Circle the silent letter in “knife”. | Identify silent letters in words. |
| Diphthongs | Circle the word with the “oi” sound: boy, bat, book, car | Recognize and use diphthongs (two vowel sounds combined). |
| R-Controlled Vowels | Circle the word with an “ar” sound: car, cat, cup, cot | Identify words with r-controlled vowels. |
| Soft and Hard C/G | Circle the word with a soft “c” sound: city, cat, cup, car | Differentiate between soft and hard “c” and “g” sounds. |
| Medial Sounds | What is the middle sound in “bed”? | Recognize the medial sound of a word. |
| Three-Letter Blends | Fill in the missing letters: _pr_ng (spr, str) | Recognize and use three-letter blends at the beginning of words. |
| Minimal Pairs | Circle the word that is different: ship, chip, ship, ship | Differentiate between words that differ by only one sound. |
Sight Words Examples
Sight words worksheets focus on memorizing commonly used words. The following table provides examples of sight word exercises, targeting recognition and usage in sentences.
| Exercise Type | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Word Recognition | Circle the word “the” in the following list: the, and, a, to | Identify the target sight word among other words. |
| Sentence Completion | I want ___ go to the park. (to, too, two) | Use the correct sight word to complete a sentence. |
| Matching | Match the word to its picture: (Picture of an apple) – the, apple, is | Match sight words to corresponding images. |
| Word Search | Find the word “and” in the word search puzzle. | Locate the sight word within a grid of letters. |
| Writing Practice | Write the word “said” three times. | Practice writing the sight word to reinforce memorization. |
| Fill in the Blank | ____ cat is on the mat. (The, A) | Use the correct article (a, an, the) in a sentence. |
| Reading Sentences | Read the sentence: “I can see a bird.” | Practice reading simple sentences containing sight words. |
| Word Scramble | Unscramble the letters to make a sight word: hte | Rearrange letters to form a sight word. |
| Picture Association | Draw a line from the picture to the word: (Picture of a house) – my, house, is | Associate sight words with corresponding images. |
| Sentence Building | Use the words “I”, “see”, “a” to make a sentence. | Construct a sentence using given sight words. |
| Story Reading | Read the short story and circle the word “and” each time you see it. | Identify sight words within a short story. |
| Flashcards | Use flashcards to practice reading sight words quickly. | Memorize the list of sight words using flashcards. |
| Sight Word Bingo | Play bingo using sight words as the calling words. | Engage in a game to reinforce sight word recognition. |
| Memory Game | Match pairs of sight word cards in a memory game. | Improve memory and recognition of sight words. |
| Word Families with Sight Words | Write words that rhyme with “be” but also are sight words: he, she, we | Connect sight words with word families to aid memorization. |
| Compound Sight Words | Combine two sight words to make a compound word: everywhere | Learn to recognize and use compound sight words. |
| Sight Word Sentences | Write a sentence using the sight word “have”. | Practice using sight words in original sentences. |
| Context Clues | Use context clues to figure out the meaning of the sight word “because” in a sentence. | Understand the meaning of sight words in context. |
| Sight Word Songs | Sing a song that uses the sight word “are” frequently. | Use music to aid memorization of sight words. |
| Animated Sight Words | Watch an animation of the sight word “said”. | Incorporate visual aids to reinforce sight word recognition. |
| Sight Word Apps | Practice sight words using educational apps. | Use technology to make learning sight words more engaging. |
| Sight Word Games | Play online games that focus on sight word recognition. | Use online games to make learning sight words fun. |
| Sight Word Storybooks | Read storybooks that focus on sight words. | Enhance reading comprehension through storybooks. |
Reading Comprehension Examples
Reading comprehension worksheets are crucial for developing the ability to understand and interpret written text. Here are examples of exercises designed to improve comprehension skills, often involving short passages followed by questions.
| Exercise Type | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Main Idea | Read the passage: “The cat sat on the mat. The cat was happy.” What is the main idea? | Identify the central point or theme of a passage. |
| Detail Retrieval | Read the passage: “The dog is brown. The dog likes to play.” What color is the dog? | Extract specific information from the text. |
| Inference | Read the passage: “The girl is wearing a coat and hat. It is cold outside.” What can you infer about the weather? | Draw conclusions based on the information provided. |
| Sequence of Events | Read the passage: “First, I woke up. Then, I ate breakfast.” What did I do first? | Understand the order in which events occur. |
| Character Identification | Read the passage: “John went to the store. He bought an apple.” Who went to the store? | Identify the characters in the story. |
| Setting Identification | Read the passage: “The children played in the park. The sun was shining.” Where did the children play? | Identify the location where the story takes place. |
| Cause and Effect | Read the passage: “It rained a lot. The flowers grew.” What caused the flowers to grow? | Understand the relationship between cause and effect. |
| Vocabulary in Context | Read the passage: “The boy was elated. He won the race.” What does “elated” mean? | Determine the meaning of a word based on context clues. |
| True or False | Read the passage: “The bird can fly. True or False?” | Assess the accuracy of statements based on the text. |
| Multiple Choice | Read the passage: “The book is on the table. Where is the book? a) on the table b) under the table c) next to the table” | Choose the correct answer from a set of options. |
| Making Predictions | Read the first part of the story. What do you think will happen next? | Predict future events based on the current story. |
| Summarizing | Write a short summary of the main events in the story. | Condense the main points of the story into a brief overview. |
| Comparing and Contrasting | Compare and contrast two characters in the story. | Identify similarities and differences between elements of the story. |
| Analyzing Character Feelings | How does the character feel in this part of the story? Why? | Understand the emotional state of characters and their motivations. |
| Identifying Problem and Solution | What problem did the character face? How did they solve it? | Understand the conflict and resolution in the story. |
| Drawing Conclusions | What can you conclude about the character’s personality based on their actions? | Make logical inferences based on character behavior. |
| Understanding Figurative Language | Explain the meaning of the simile “as brave as a lion” in the story. | Interpret figurative language used in the text. |
| Analyzing Author’s Purpose | Why do you think the author wrote this story? | Understand the author’s intent in writing the story. |
| Evaluating the Story | Did you enjoy the story? Why or why not? | Provide a critical assessment of the story. |
| Creative Writing Extension | Write a different ending for the story. | Encourage creative thinking and writing skills. |
| Visualizing | Draw a picture of what you imagine from the story. | Use visual aids to help with comprehension. |
| Retelling the Story | Retell the story in your own words. | Practice recalling and summarizing the story. |
| Debating | Debate a topic raised by the story. | Encourage analytical and critical thinking skills. |
Vocabulary Examples
Vocabulary worksheets are designed to expand a learner’s word knowledge. Here are examples of exercises that help build vocabulary, often using matching, sentence completion, and word association activities.
| Exercise Type | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Matching | Match the word to its definition: happy – feeling joy | Connect words with their meanings. |
| Sentence Completion | The opposite of “big” is ____. | Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. |
| Synonyms | Circle the synonym for “glad”: happy, sad, angry | Identify words with similar meanings. |
| Antonyms | Write the antonym of “hot”: | Write the word that is the opposite in meaning. |
| Word Association | What word goes with “dog”: cat, car, house | Identify words that are related to each other. |
| Using in Sentences | Write a sentence using the word “friend”. | Construct a sentence using the given word. |
| Picture Association | Match the picture to the correct word: (Picture of a car) – car, bike, bus | Associate words with corresponding images. |
| Word Families | Write three words that belong to the “play” family: play, playing, player | Identify words with similar root words. |
| Context Clues | Use context clues to figure out the meaning of the word “enormous” in the sentence. | Understand the meaning of a word based on the surrounding text. |
| Word Roots | What is the meaning of the root “tele” in words like “telephone” and “television”? | Understand the meaning of common word roots. |
| Prefixes and Suffixes | Add the prefix “un-” to the word “happy” to make a new word. | Use prefixes and suffixes to create new words. |
| Compound Words | Combine two words to make a compound word: sun + flower = sunflower | Create compound words by joining two words together. |
| Analogies | Complete the analogy: big is to small as hot is to ____ | Understand relationships between words. |
| Crossword Puzzles | Complete a crossword puzzle using vocabulary words. | Engage in a fun activity to reinforce vocabulary knowledge. |
| Word Searches | Find vocabulary words in a word search puzzle. | Locate target words within a grid of letters. |
| Thesaurus Practice | Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for the word “good”. | Learn to use a thesaurus to expand vocabulary. |
| Dictionary Skills | Use a dictionary to look up the definition of the word “ambiguous”. | Learn to use a dictionary to find definitions. |
| Idioms | Explain the meaning of the idiom “piece of cake”. | Understand common idioms and their meanings. |
| Proverbs | Explain the meaning of the proverb “Actions speak louder than words”. | Understand common proverbs and their meanings. |
| Multiple Meanings | What are the multiple meanings of the word “bank”? | Understand that some words have multiple meanings. |
| Etymology | What is the origin of the word “astronaut”? | Understand the history and origin of words. |
| Word Clouds | Create a word cloud using vocabulary words related to a topic. | Visually represent vocabulary words related to a topic. |
| Vocabulary Games | Play vocabulary games like Pictionary or Charades. | Engage in interactive games to reinforce vocabulary learning. |
Usage Rules and Tips
When using English reading worksheets for beginners, it’s important to follow some guidelines to maximize their effectiveness:
- Start with the basics: Begin with worksheets that focus on letter recognition and basic phonics.
- Progress gradually: Move to more complex worksheets as your skills improve.
- Be consistent: Practice regularly, even if it’s just for a few minutes each day.
- Make it fun: Use colorful worksheets and engaging activities to keep learning enjoyable.
- Review regularly: Review previously learned material to reinforce retention.
- Use a variety of worksheets: Mix different types of worksheets to target various skills.
- Get feedback: Ask a teacher, tutor, or native speaker to review your work and provide feedback.
- Don’t be afraid to ask for help: If you’re struggling with a particular concept, don’t hesitate to ask for assistance.
- Celebrate your progress: Acknowledge and celebrate your achievements to stay motivated.
- Relate to real-world situations: Try to connect what you learn in the worksheets to real-life reading experiences.
By following these tips, you can make the most of English reading worksheets and accelerate your progress.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Beginners often make certain mistakes when learning to read. Recognizing these common errors can help you avoid them and improve your reading skills.
| Mistake | Incorrect Example | Correct Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Confusing similar letters | Reading “b” as “d” or “p” | Distinguishing between “b,” “d,” and “p” by focusing on their orientation. | Practice identifying the subtle differences in letter shapes. |
| Guessing words instead of decoding | Reading “house” as “home” | Decoding each letter sound to read “house” correctly. | Focus on phonics and sounding out words rather than guessing. |
| Ignoring punctuation | Reading a sentence without pausing at commas or periods | Pausing at commas and stopping at periods to understand sentence structure. | Pay attention to punctuation marks to improve comprehension. |
| Skipping words | Missing words in a sentence while reading | Reading each word carefully and deliberately. | Use a finger or pointer to track each word as you read. |
| Mispronouncing words | Saying “wuz” instead of “was” | Pronouncing “was” correctly by listening to native speakers. | Listen to audio recordings and practice pronunciation. |
| Not understanding context | Misinterpreting the meaning of a word in a sentence | Using context clues to understand the meaning of the word. | Pay attention to the surrounding words to understand the meaning. |
| Reading too fast | Rushing through a passage without understanding | Reading at a slower pace to improve comprehension. | Slow down and focus on understanding each sentence. |
| Not reviewing | Forgetting previously learned words | Reviewing words regularly to reinforce memory. | Use flashcards and practice regularly. |
| Ignoring sight words | Trying to sound out sight words instead of memorizing them | Memorizing sight words for quick recognition. | Focus on memorizing sight words for faster reading. |
| Lack of confidence | Hesitating to read aloud due to fear of making mistakes | Practicing regularly and building confidence. | Believe in yourself and practice regularly. |
Practice Exercises
To reinforce your understanding, here are some practice exercises. Complete these exercises and check your answers to assess your progress.
Exercise 1: Phonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Circle the picture that starts with the letter ‘c’: (Pictures of a cat, dog, and apple) | Cat |
| Write the word: b-a-t = ____ | bat |
| Circle the words with a short ‘i’ sound: sit, kite, bike, pig | sit, pig |
| Fill in the missing blend: _ry (try, cry, dry) | try, cry, dry |
| Circle the word that rhymes with ‘pen’: hen, dog, sun, book | hen |
| What letter does “fish” start with? | f |
| What letter does “cup” end with? | p |
| Write the word for the picture of a “sun”. | sun |
| Circle the words with a long ‘u’ sound: cute, cut, cup, cot | cute |
| Fill in the missing digraph: _in (th, sh, ch) | thin |
Exercise 2: Sight Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Circle the word “is” in the following list: the, and, a, is | is |
| I want ___ eat an apple. (to, too, two) | to |
| Match the word to its picture: (Picture of a house) – the, house, is | house |
| Find the word “a” in the word search puzzle. | (Learner finds the word) |
| Write the word “have” three times. | have, have, have |
| ____ dog is on the mat. (The, A) | The |
| Read the sentence: “I can see a tree.” | (Learner reads the sentence) |
| Unscramble the letters to make a sight word: he | he |
| Draw a line from the picture to the word: (Picture of a ball) – my, ball, is | ball |
| Use the words “I”, “am”, “happy” to make a sentence. | I am happy. |
Exercise 3: Reading Comprehension
| Passage | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| The cat is black. The cat likes to sleep. | What color is the cat? | Black |
| The boy is wearing a hat. It is sunny. | What is the weather like? | Sunny |
| First, I brush my teeth. Then, I go to school. | What do I do first? | Brush my teeth |
| John went to the park. He played with a ball. | Who went to the park? | John |
| The children played in the garden. They saw flowers. | Where did the children play? | In the garden |
| It rained a lot. The grass grew. | What caused the grass to grow? | The rain |
Advanced Topics for Continued Learning
Once you have a solid foundation in basic reading skills, you can explore more advanced topics to further enhance your reading abilities. These topics include:
- Advanced Phonics: Learn about complex vowel combinations, consonant digraphs, and trigraphs.
- Reading Strategies: Develop strategies such as summarizing, predicting, and questioning to improve comprehension.
- Literary Devices: Understand literary devices such as metaphors, similes, and personification to appreciate literature more deeply.
- Different Genres: Explore various genres such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and drama to broaden your reading horizons.
- Critical Thinking: Analyze and evaluate texts to form your own opinions and interpretations.
- Speed Reading: Learn techniques to increase your reading speed while maintaining comprehension.
- Vocabulary Expansion: Continue to expand your vocabulary by learning new words and their meanings.
- Grammar Mastery: Deepen your understanding of grammar rules and sentence structure.
- Cultural Context: Understand the cultural and historical context of texts to gain a deeper understanding.
- Author’s Style: Analyze and appreciate the unique writing styles of different authors.
By exploring these advanced topics, you can become a more skilled and confident reader.
Frequently Asked Questions
What age group are these worksheets suitable for?
These worksheets are primarily designed for children aged 5-8 years old, ESL students, and adults who are new to learning English.
How often should I use these worksheets?
It is recommended to use these worksheets regularly, ideally for at least 15-30 minutes each day, to reinforce learning and build consistency.
Where can I find more reading worksheets?
You can find more reading worksheets online from educational websites, teacher resource sites, and printable worksheet databases. Libraries and bookstores also offer workbooks and resources.
Are these worksheets only for kids?
No, these worksheets can be beneficial for anyone who is learning to read English, regardless of age. They are particularly helpful for ESL students and adults who are new to the language.
Can I use these worksheets to teach myself English?
Yes, these worksheets can be a valuable tool for self-teaching, especially when combined with other resources such as online courses, language learning apps, and textbooks.
Do I need to be a teacher to use these worksheets effectively?
No, you do not need to be a teacher. The worksheets are designed to be easy to use and understand. However, guidance from a teacher or tutor can be beneficial.
How do I know if the worksheets are effective?
You can assess the effectiveness of the worksheets by monitoring progress in reading skills, such as improved letter recognition, decoding abilities, comprehension, and vocabulary knowledge.
What if I find the worksheets too difficult?
If you find the worksheets too difficult, try starting with simpler worksheets or breaking down the exercises into smaller, more manageable tasks. Seek help from a teacher or tutor if needed.
Can I adapt these worksheets to suit my specific needs?
Yes, you can adapt the worksheets to suit your specific needs by modifying the exercises, adding additional practice, or focusing on specific areas of difficulty.
Are there any online resources that complement these worksheets?
Yes, there are many online resources that can complement these worksheets, such as educational videos, interactive games, and language learning apps.
Conclusion
English reading worksheets for beginners are an essential tool for building foundational reading skills. By understanding the structure and types of worksheets available, following usage rules, avoiding common mistakes, and practicing regularly, you can effectively improve your reading abilities. Remember to celebrate your progress and continue to explore more advanced topics as you become a more confident and skilled reader. Whether you are a child learning to read for the first time, an ESL student, or an adult seeking to improve your English literacy, these worksheets can provide a structured and effective path to reading success. Happy reading!